![]() 20–23 For example, the process of aggregating knowledge from individual studies is the second step of the ‘Knowledge Creation’ funnel in the ‘Knowledge-to-Action’ framework which posits that as ‘knowledge moves through the funnel, it becomes more distilled and refined and presumably more useful to stakeholders’. Hence, there is increasing interest in endgame policies to achieve these targets.Įvidence synthesis (second generation knowledge) refers to any method of identifying, selecting and combining results from multiple empirical studies (first generation knowledge) to draw conclusions beyond a single study findings, 19 and can be one indicator of progression towards translation of research evidence into policy. Examples include reducing smoking prevalence to less than 5%, or less than 1%. 1–5 Tobacco endgame targets are specific, measurable outcomes that would indicate an end to the tobacco epidemic in a defined geographic area (eg, a country). Tobacco endgame policies aim to permanently and rapidly reduce smoking prevalence to minimal levels when fully implemented. 12 College for Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaĪssociate Professor Coral E Gartner, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia 4006 c.11 College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.10 Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.9 School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.8 Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.7 National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.6 Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. ![]() 5 Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.4 Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.3 Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.2 School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.1 NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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